6. Footnotes

[1] Malinauskiene V., Obelinis V., Dopagiene D. Psychological terror at work and cardiovascular diseases among teachers. Acta Medica Lituanica, 2005; 2(12): p. 20–25.

[2] Jatkevičius A. Nepilnamečių smurtinio nusikalstamumo prevencija. Doctoral dissertation. Vilnius: Vilnius University, 2003, p.12.

[3] I.Leliūgienė. Žmogus ir socialinė aplinka. – Kaunas, 1997. – P. 138.

[4] World report on violence and health. World Health Organization, 2002.

[5] The International Labour Office ILO, International Council of Nurses ICN, World Health Organization WHO, Public Services International PSI. Workplace Violence in The Health Sector Country Case Studies Research instruments – Survey Questionnaire. Geneva 2003. Internet access: http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/interpersonal/en/WVquestionnaire.pdf

[6] The International Labour Office ILO, International Council of Nurses ICN, World Health Organization WHO, Public Services International PSI. Workplace Violence in The Health Sector Country Case Studies Research instruments – Survey Questionnaire. Geneva 2003. Internet access: http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/interpersonal/en/WVquestionnaire.pdf

[7] Džiuljeta Serapinienė, Agresyvaus paciento slaugos ypatumai. SLAUGA mokslas ir praktika 2014 No. 2 (206), p. 6

[8] Pajarskienė, B., Psichologinis smurtas darbe. Problema ar fikcija? Visuomenės sveikata, 2007, No. 4 (39)

[9] Lietuvos Respublikos sveikatos apsaugos ministro ir Lietuvos Respublikos socialinės apsaugos ir darbo ministro 2005 m. rugpjūčio 24 d. įsakymu Nr. V-699/A1-241 patvirtinti „Psichosocialinių rizikos veiksnių tyrimo metodiniai nurodymai“. Valstybės žinios, 2005, Nr. 105-3897

[10] Ibid

[11] Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union 2007; No. 2007 / C 303/01.19; Council Directive. Measures to Improve Safety and Health at Work. No. 89/391 / EEC, 1986.

[12]  European Agency for Safety and Health at Work. Facts No.22 https://osha.europa.eu/lt/publications/factsheets/22

[13]  Risks to the Health and Safety of Workers in the Healthcare Sector. A Guide to Prevention and Good Practice. European Commission 2011https://www.vdi.lt/AtmUploads/RizikaDSSsveikatosprieziura.pdf

[14]  One of the main distinguishing features of legal rules is that of enforcement. The way to secure them is through state pressure, manifesting by action taken and guaranteed by law enforcement institutions.

[15] In a general sense, positive obligations are those that impose an obligation on the State to take appropriate action to safeguard individual rights and freedoms. The State may also be obliged to protect individuals from other individuals. The content of positive duties is very diverse, ranging from legislation to control, prevention, investigation and prosecution, but it is extremely difficult to identify whether there is a positive duty to act specifically on the part of the state - there are no clear criteria or methodologies. See more on this Lina Urbaitė. Assessment of Positive Duties of the State in Cases against Lithuania at the European Court of Human Rights. Social Science Studies. 3 (3): 123-144, 2009.

[16] Ruling of the Constitutional Court of 9 April 2002

[17] Under the Order No. A1-457 / V-961 of 25 October 2012 by the Minister of Social Security and Labour of the Republic of Lithuania and the Minister of Health of the Republic of Lithuania, General Guidelines for Occupational Risk Assessment were approved. Valstybės žinios, 31/10/2012, No. 126-6350

[18] Civil Case No. 3K-3-79 / 2011 of the Supreme Court of Lithuania 

[19] Important Practical Aspects of the European Court of Justice (2004-2014). Luxembourg: Office for EU Publications, 2015, p.183

[20] Civil Case No.3K-3-811/2000 of the Supreme Court of Lithuania, Civil Case No. 3K-3-476/2008 of the Supreme Court of Lithuania 

[21] List of Dangerous Jobs approved by the Government of the Republic of Lithuania in Resolution No. 1386 of 3 September 2002 (wording of Resolution No. 527 by the Government of the Republic of Lithuania of 30 May 2018). Valstybės žinios, 06/09/2002, No. 87-3751

[22] Description of Monitoring of Adverse Events approved by the Minister of Health of the Republic of Lithuania by Order No. V-401 of 6 May 2010 (wording of Order No. V-1001 of 11 September 2018 by the Minister of Health of the Republic of Lithuania). Valstybės žinios, 13/05/2010, No. 55-2703

[23] Civil Case of the Supreme Court of Lithuania No. 3K-3-125/2010

[24] Molinari PA. The Right to Health: from the Solemnity of Declarations to the Challenges of Practice. International Digest of Health Legislation. 1998;49(1):41-60

[25]Ruling of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania of July 11, 2002

[26]Ruling of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania of September 29, 2005

[27] Judgement of the Case D. v. United Kingdom at the European Court of Human Rights, of May 2, 1997. Decision of the College in substance: Claim No.30240/96 1997: 30240/96

[28] According to the Law on Health Care Institutions, health care services are defined as the result of an activity based on an agreement between the institution and the clients. Services provided by health care facilities are differentiated according to the level of health care services. The Lithuanian health care system has three levels: primary, secondary and tertiary. Health care at these levels varies in scope, funding and services.

[29] Order No. V-364 of May 14, 2004 by the Minister of Health of the Republic of Lithuania (wording of Order No. V-943 of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Lithuania of 27 August 2018)

[30] Ruling of the Supreme Court of Lithuania No. 3K-3-408/2009; Ruling of the Supreme Court of Lithuania No. 3K-3-337/2013

[31] Ruling of the Supreme Court of Lithuania No. 3K-3-1140/2001; Ruling of the Supreme Court of Lithuania No. 3K-3-556/2005; Ruling of the Supreme Court of Lithuania No. 3K-3-77/2010

[32] Ruling of the Supreme Court of Lithuania No. 3K-3-511/2004

[33] Justickis, V.; Saladis, T. Medical Standards in the Administrative Law System. Social Science Studies.2012, 4(4): 1063.

[34] For example, medical standard MS 28: 2019, "A nurse practitioner," provides a list of medications that a nurse in general may self-administer in the case of emergency medical care, whereby the nurse practitioner is entitled to prescribe medications with suppressive, adaptogenic properties, muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant (diazepam, 5 mg / ml, solution for injection). 

[35] The judgment of the European Court of Human Rights in the Case Glass v.. United Kingdom of March 9, 2004. Decision of the College in substance: Claim No.61827/00

[36] Arai, Y.; Bleichrodt, E.; Flinterman, C.; Willem Heringa, A.; Schokkenbroek, J.; Vermulen, B.; Viering, M.; van Dijk, P.; van Hoof, F.; van Rijn, A.; Zwaak, L. Theory and Practice of the European Convention on Human Rights. Fourth Edition 2006 m. Intersentia Antwerpen-Oxford, p. 674.

[37] Birmontas V. The Right to Health Care as a Constitutional Right. Health Policy and Governance.2013, 1(5) p. 30–45

[38] Gruodytė E., Šalčiūtė-Pratkienė L. The Concept and Importance of the Doctrine of the Informed Patient Consent in Health Care. Law Review No. 1 (10), 2013, p. 136-170

[39] Fiduciary relationships may arise out of contract or by law. There is no exhaustive list of responsibilities arising from fiduciary relationships, but it is generally accepted that these relationships include: a duty of loyalty and good faith, the obligation to avoid conflicts of interest and the personal benefit of entrusted resources.

[40] Ruling of the Supreme Court of Lithuania No. 3K-3-342/2010;   Ruling of the Supreme Court of Lithuania No. 3K-3-236/2010

[41]Sriubas M. Peculiarities of Content of Patient's Right to Quality Health Care Services in Lithuania. Problems of law. 2013. No. 1 (79), p. 58-59

[42] Varga, C. Legal Theory. Szent Ivan Tarstulat, 2014, p. 15.

[43] The real human rights situation in society is that a person is exercising his or her rights not in the community but in society and is thus constrained by the obligation not to violate another person's rights, i.e. maintaining a balance between individuality and sociability or between private and collective interests in their behaviour. Article 29 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms obliges every person exercising his/her right to such a balance: "In exercising their rights and exercising their freedoms, the individual must (…) not undermine the rights and freedoms of others". See more on this Vaišvila A. Theory of Law. Teisės teorija. Vilnius, Justitia 2000.

[44] In Spain, there is a statutory obligation on the patient to provide correct information about his or her state of health and to cooperate in the treatment process. In Hungary and Slovenia, there is a legal obligation for patients to follow the doctor's instructions for treatment. See more on this. Kutkauskienė, J. Peculiarities of Compensation of Injury to Patients in Health Law. Doctoral dissertation. Vilnius, 2010, p. 174–175

[45]Špokienė I. Patient Responsibilities Directory in Lithuania: Legal Content Analysis.Jurisprudencija 2012, 19(4), p. 1529–1550.

[46] Healthcare worker is a generic term that encompasses all those involved in health care activities who work directly with the patient or work under the same conditions.

[47] Case of Herczegfalvy v. Austria, Claim No. 10533/83

[48]Ruling of the Constitutional Court of March 24, 2003

[49] Classification of diseases and disorders is a system of categories in which diseases are classified according to defined criteria.

[50] WHO ICD-10 Classification of Diseases.2015, p.125-151, p. 315

[51] Order No. V-643 of May 29, 2019 approved by the Minister of Health of the Republic of Lithuania